Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Diagnostic Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker in Early and Late Onset Multiple Sclerosis

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071629

Figure Lengend Snippet: FLCk quotients of the RMS cohort ( A ) and PMS cohort ( B ) in double logarithmic free light chain kappa (FLCk) quotient diagrams. OCB positivity is represented by black and negativity by grey coloration. Circles represent early onset, triangles late onset MS squares represent samples with MRZ positivity, rhombus MRZ negativity. ( A ) In RMS patients, 98% of the QFLCk values are above the Q FLCk (lim) reference range in early onset and in 100% in late onset RMS. ( B ) In PMS patients, 90% of the QFLCk values are above the Q FLCk (lim) reference range in early onset and in 92% in late onset PMS. IF = intrathecal fraction, FLCk = free light chains kappa, MS = multiple sclerosis, RMS = relapsing MS, PMS = progressive MS, OCB = oligoclonal bands, and MRZ = measles, rubella, and zoster reaction.

Article Snippet: To determinate FLCk concentrations in CSF and serum samples, a nephelometric assay (N Latex FLC kappa Kit; Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) was used in both centers according to the manufacturer’s instructions on a BN ProSpec analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Diagnostic Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker in Early and Late Onset Multiple Sclerosis

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071629

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of intrathecally synthesized IgG ( A ), IgA ( B ), IgM ( C ) and free light chains kappa; FLCk ( D ) given as local concentrations. Loc = Local concentration, E-RMS = early onset relapsing multiple sclerosis, L-RMS = late onset relapsing multiple sclerosis, E-PMS = early onset progressive multiple sclerosis, L-PMS = late onset progressive multiple sclerosis, and n.s. = not statistically significant. Overall, the p -value in ( B ) is statistically significant. Comparison between early onset and late onset RMS and PMS was not statistically significant (early versus late RMS: p = 0.4769; early versus late PMS: 0.6638). Comparison of early onset RMS and PMS, as well as late onset RMS and PMS, was statistically significant for early, as well as late, onset MS (early onset MS: p = 0.0073; late onset MS: p = 0.0077).

Article Snippet: To determinate FLCk concentrations in CSF and serum samples, a nephelometric assay (N Latex FLC kappa Kit; Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) was used in both centers according to the manufacturer’s instructions on a BN ProSpec analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques: Synthesized, Concentration Assay, Comparison

Journal: Cells

Article Title: The Increasing Role of Kappa Free Light Chains in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

doi: 10.3390/cells10113056

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kappa free light chain (KFLC) determination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients according to the revised McDonald criteria of 2017.

Article Snippet: Zeman et al. compared a turbidimetric assay (Freelite Kappa SPA PLUS kit and Freelite Lambda SPA PLUS kit, The Binding Site Ltd., Birmingham, UK), a nephelometric assay (N Latex FLC kit, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Marburg, Germany), a commercially available ELISA (Human Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains Kappa and Lambda ELISA kit, BioVendor-Laboratorni medicina a.s., Brno, Czech Republic), and an in-house ELISA, which revealed similar results [ ].

Techniques: Silver Staining, Western Blot, Binding Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: The Association between Polyclonal Combined Serum Free Light Chain Concentration and Mortality in Individuals with Early Chronic Kidney Disease

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129980

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) κfree light chains (FLC), B) λFLC and C) Combined free light chains (cFLC) levels were elevated in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (circles) versus published normal control individuals . D) The FLC κ/λ ratio was also significantly higher in people with CKD compared to the healthy control population. Median and ranges are indicated (black bars).

Article Snippet: Forty-six participants (3%) recruited in the complete cohort were not included in this study as they had evidence of a monoclonal gammopathy as defined by the presence of a monoclonal band by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) (Sebia Hydragel Immunofixation PE kit on the Hydrasys system) and/or an abnormal FLC ratio, indicating clonal expression of FLC, as determined using the renal reference range (0.37–3.1) [ ].

Techniques: Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Sec61 translocon is a therapeutic vulnerability in Multiple Myeloma

doi: 10.1101/2021.09.05.459026

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Effect of mycolactone on MM.1S, JIM3 and KMS-11 cell viability after 48 and 72 h of treatment, as measured by exposure of Annexin V and incorporation of PI. Live, apoptotic and dead cells were determined as in . Data are Means ± SD of duplicates, expressed as percentages of total cells. (B) Inhibitory effect of mycolactone on cell expression of CD38 (Type II) and CD138, IL-6R, and CD40 (Type I) transmembrane proteins. (C) Stimulatory effect of mycolactone on cell expression of BCMA, a Type III transmembrane protein. Mean Fluorescence Intensities (MFIs) in (B) and (C) were measured in live cells 24 h after addition of mycolactone. Data are Mean MFIs ± SD from 2 independent experiments, relative to vehicle-treated controls (Ctrl). (D) Inhibitory effect of mycolactone on immunoglobulin lambda chain secretion, as quantified by ELISA of culture supernatants after 24 h of treatment. Data are Mean ± SD of duplicates of secreted lambda chain (μg.mL -1 ) concentrations, relative to vehicle-treated controls (Ctrl). (E) Correlation between immunoglobulin lambda chain (Ig) secretion after 24 h (D) and MM cell line mortality after 72 h (A), in the 3 cell lines treated with 50 nM mycolactone. Slopes (R) and statistical significance (p values) are indicated. All panels in are representative of at least 2 independent experiments with similar results.

Article Snippet: Supernatants from MM cells cultures treated with mycolactone and/or BZ alone were collected after 24 h, and the concentration of free light chain was assessed using the SEBIA FLC lambda ELISA kit (SEBIA, 5101) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay